F‐Doped Calcium Silicate Enabling Fast Ion Deposition Kinetics for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are subject to various unwanted side reactions, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion passivation, due to the highly active Zn anode. While constructing an artificial interface layer (AIL) can address these problems, the compromise in Zn deposition kinetics is considerable. Herein, F‐doped modified hydrated calcium silicate (F‐CSH) nanosheets are designed to enhance Zn²⁺ ion deposition kinetics. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is verified that the F‐doped contributes to higher interface adsorption energy with Zn metal and lower ion diffusion barrier, favoring faster charge transfer compared to non‐F‐doped counterparts. Additionally, the strong interaction between zincophilic F and Zn facilitates rapid desolvation of Zn²⁺ and promotes the deposition between the Zn metal and F‐CSH interphases. As a result, the F‐CSH layer maintains the stability on the Zn surface, enabling fast and reversible Zn deposition. The F‐CSH@Zn anode exhibits a long lifespan of over 2800 h at 5 mA cm⁻², while running more than 2500 cycles at a ≈100% Coulombic efficiency. This work highlights the importance of constructing AIL with strong interaction with Zn²⁺/Zn in improving the interphase kinetics of zinc anode for realizing the stability of AZIBs.