Athletic Training Students’ Preparation and Perception of Resources Available to Them Following a Critical Incident
Julie A. Wonch, Jamie L. Mansell, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman, Elizabeth R. Neil- General Chemical Engineering
Context
Although catastrophic injuries are rare, athletic trainers must be ready for emergencies. It is unknown how athletic training students (ATSs) are prepared for postcritical incident management.
Objective
To explore the perceived availability and helpfulness of resources available to ATSs after critical incidents.
Design
Qualitative.
Setting
Individual interviews.
Patients or Other Participants
Eleven current ATSs and/or recent graduates (5 women, 4 men, and 2 prefer to not share; age = 24 ± 4 years) who experienced a critical incident during clinical education.
Data Collection and Analysis
We used criterion sampling for recruiting participants in multiple modes until data saturation was achieved. Participants completed demographic surveys and participated in semistructured interviews regarding their involvement, resources available after the incident, and perceived helpfulness of the resources. All transcripts were deidentified and coded by a 3-person team following the consensual qualitative research tradition. Member checking, triangulation, external auditing, and peer discussion among researchers established credibility and trustworthiness for the analysis.
Results
Three domains emerged
strategies acquired before the incident, management during the incident, and postincident regulation of a review of the resources that had been available. In strategies acquired before the incident, participants described that program preparation, previous personal/clinical experiences, and self-regulating mental health strategies all assisted in managing emotions after the incident. During the incident and the time immediately after, participants discussed managing emotions with formal debriefing, sound policies and procedures, and communication with athletic training faculty and peers. After the incident, some noted that they had an abundance of resources available to them during the critical incident, whereas others noted feeling isolated.
Conclusions
ATSs have resources available to them and an awareness of the impact critical incidents have on mental well-being. They relied on convenient coping mechanisms (eg, peers, preceptors, or faculty debrief) rather than formal counseling. Athletic training programs should provide students with resources and support before and after incidents.