X‐Ray Penetrable Photopolymerization Molding Using Lead‐Free Perovskite Scintillators

ABSTRACT

Photopolymerization‐based 3D printing is widely utilized in biomedicine and precision manufacturing due to its rapid prototyping capabilities and high spatial resolution. Significant light loss during the penetration process complicates achieving deep‐layer photopolymerization molding. We develop an in vivo molding technique that utilizes the strong penetrating power of X‐rays. High‐performance scintillator materials convert X‐rays into broad emissions in the range of 350–600 nm, which overlap with the absorption spectrum of photoinitiators, thereby triggering the photopolymerization of liquid photosensitive resins in deep biological tissues. This technology enables curing of photosensitive ink through 50 mm thick biological tissue. Spatially selective in situ three‐dimensional curing of predefined patterns is achieved in mice. This technology enhances the penetration capability of photopolymerization and establishes a technical foundation for non‐invasive in situ manufacturing within living organisms.