Workplace Incivility, Sexual Harassment, and University Employee Job Outcomes

This study investigates the compounding impact of incivility and sexual harassment on job outcomes among 2,870 women and transgender, genderqueer, and nonbinary employees at a multi-campus university. Analyses produced three factors: incivility , gender harassment , and sexualized harassment . Nearly 90% of participants experienced any mistreatment. Employees with a disability and in a supervisory position were at greater risk of mistreatment. Mistreatment patterns by race/ethnicity support selective incivility as modern discrimination. Frequency of mistreatment helps explain some differences in outcomes across mistreatment groups. Findings suggest workplace harms are inherently linked, and incivility tolerance might enable more egregious discrimination in academia.