Women’s perceptions of a tailored diabetes education program in underserved Saudi communities: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study

This study aimed to explore women’s perceptions of a gender-tailored diabetes education program and examine self-reported behavioral, psychosocial, and self-management changes following participation among women in underserved Saudi communities and identify barriers influencing sustained diabetes management. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was conducted from January to June 2024 in community health centers in Al-Leith and Adham, Makkah region. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 women aged 18 to 65 years to explore experiences and perceptions. Findings informed a structured questionnaire administered to 136 program participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize behavioral changes and perceptions, and thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s 6-phase framework. Participants reported positive changes in lifestyle and self-care behaviors. Approximately 70% reduced sugar intake, 65% increased physical activity, 72% improved hydration practices, and 68% performed regular glucose monitoring. Most respondents agreed that the advice was easily applicable (73.7%), addressed women-specific challenges (71%), and enhanced motivation (72.4%). Qualitative themes highlighted daily life changes, helpful program aspects, challenges, and recommendations. Barriers included time constraints (22%), family duties (20%), financial limitations (19%), and limited healthcare access (8%). Participants perceived the tailored diabetes education program as helpful in supporting healthier behaviors, self-management practices, and motivation in underserved Saudi settings. Addressing social expectations, time pressures, and access barriers through digital follow-up and community support could strengthen long-term outcomes and advance Vision 2030 preventive health goals. Because findings were based on self-reported cross-sectional data, causal relationships regarding program effectiveness cannot be established.