Wear-Resistant Skid Resistance and Raveling Resistance of Ceramic Aggregate High-Viscosity Asphalt Mixtures

To address the rapid polishing and premature loss of skid resistance in conventional asphalt friction courses, as well as the weak bonding between waste ceramic aggregates and asphalt that compromises raveling resistance, this study developed a ceramic aggregate asphalt mixture incorporating TPS–SBS composite high-viscosity modified asphalt, denoted as T&S. The wear-retained skid resistance and raveling resistance of the mixture were systematically evaluated. Interfacial adhesion between the modified asphalt and ceramic aggregates was characterized using water-immersion adhesion and contact-angle tests. Mixtures with different ceramic aggregate contents were further investigated through laboratory-accelerated abrasion, immersion Cantabro particle loss, and torsional raveling tests. In addition, an empirical skid-resistance degradation model and a frictional impulse-based characterization model were established. The results showed that TPS increased the asphalt–ceramic aggregate adhesion grade from Grade 3 to Grade 5, indicating a marked improvement in interfacial adhesion. Mixture skid resistance increased with ceramic aggregate content. After 16 h of abrasion, the residual British pendulum number of the mixture containing 80% ceramic aggregates was 38.7% higher than that of the control mixture. However, a ceramic aggregate content of 40% was identified as a practical balance point between skid-resistance improvement and overall mixture performance under the present laboratory conditions. T&S-modified asphalt reduced both Cantabro particle loss and torsional mass loss by more than 40%, partly compensating for the interfacial and skeleton-interlocking limitations of ceramic aggregates. The proposed models achieved coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.997, indicating high fitting accuracy for the present laboratory data. The preferred mixture design was determined as 8% TPS and 40% ceramic aggregate, providing a promising technical pathway for the resource utilization of construction-derived waste ceramics in asphalt pavements.