Voltage-gated electrohydrodynamic convection and ion-shielding in benzoquinone-doped nematic liquid crystals: a dielectric modulus approach

Benzoquinone doping switches a DC-biased nematic liquid crystal between static and travelling Carr–Helfrich convection and, at higher loading, into an electrostatically shielded, convection-free state (up to 9.75 V DC).