DOI: 10.55385/kastamonujes.1797043 ISSN: 2667-8209

Visibility of Programming Languages in Turkish Universities: An Analysis of Bologna Information Packages

Hüseyin Demirel
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As of June 2025, the course contents published in the YÖK (Council of Higher Education) Bologna Information Packages of 1,128 information technology–related departments in Türkiye were systematically examined to identify programming language references within the curricula. A total of 3,990 individual course records were analyzed, revealing that the most frequently represented languages are C (574; 14.4%) and Python (543; 13.6%), followed by SQL (363; 9.1%), MATLAB (345; 8.6%), Java (342; 8.6%), and C++ (338; 8.5%). In course contents related to web technologies, HTML (256; 6.4%), CSS (230; 5.8%), and JavaScript (207; 5.2%) appear at moderate levels, while contemporary languages such as Kotlin (7), Swift (5), Go (3), and Rust (2) collectively account for only 0.4% of all references. These findings indicate that curricula in Türkiye remain predominantly focused on traditional languages, with data- and computation-oriented languages maintaining a strong presence, whereas modern and emerging languages are still marginally represented. Comparative European-level studies, including ESSA–CEDEFOP and GitHub Octoverse reports, similarly show that Python, Java, JavaScript, SQL, C++, and C# are among the most demanded technologies in the industry. These results underline the need to strengthen the alignment between academia and industry by allocating greater curricular space to contemporary languages and ensuring a more balanced integration of modern web and application development components.

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