Utilizing the All of Us Dataset to Assess the Socioeconomic and Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Hispanics in the United States

Background. Hispanic populations in the United States experienced disproportionate health and economic impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed relationships between social determinants of health (SDOH) and COVID-19-related health and economic outcomes among Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants in the All of Us Research Program. Methods. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models explored associations between all variables. Iterative proportional fitting (raking) was used to align survey samples with known population margins. Results. Hispanics reported worse outcomes across all COVID-19-related variables: lower vaccination rates and higher rates of COVID-19 symptoms and experiencing hardships due to COVID-19. Final post-raking models found Hispanics had greater odds of experiencing hardships (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.11) especially among those reporting COVID-19 symptoms (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.51, 3.97). The final model identified increased rates of COVID-19 vaccination among Hispanics when controlling for gender, age, and SDOH (OR = 1.22, CI = 1.09, 1.37) than have been reported nationally during the examined time period for Hispanics. Conclusions. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and disproportionate negative health, economic, and social impacts of COVID-19 experienced by Hispanic communities were driven by SDOH. Findings underscore the need for targeted efforts to address SDOH to achieve the best health outcomes for all.