Utilizing phase change materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling: A review

Abstract

The effective cooling of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is essential for their optimal performance and durability. Excessive heat production during operation can result in performance decline, material deterioration, and diminished system efficiency. A viable option to address the thermal problems of PEM fuel cells is the implementation of phase change materials (PCMs), which may absorb and release thermal energy during phase transitions, hence offering a more efficient and reliable cooling mechanism. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of the function of phase change materials in the cooling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. It investigates the thermal characteristics of diverse PCMs, encompassing their melting points, thermal conductivity, and latent heat, while assessing their incorporation into proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems. The research examines several cooling solutions, including PCM‐embedded heat exchangers, PCM‐based cooling plates, and the integration of PCM with traditional liquid cooling systems. Additionally, issues related to PCM applications, such as the increase in thermal conductivity, cycle stability, and cost‐effectiveness, are thoroughly examined. The analysis finishes with a discourse on prospective research avenues and the potential for enhancing PCM‐based cooling solutions to augment the efficiency and sustainability of PEM fuel cells across diverse applications.