Using Space Syntax and Regression Analysis to Decode Spatial Vitality: A Mixed-Methods Study of Traditional Settlements

Traditional settlements face the dual spatial challenges of accommodating local aging needs and sustaining heritage tourism. Focusing on the historic center of Tianchang Town, this study employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate spatial vitality decline through a three-layer continuity framework. The empirical findings are as follows. (1) The space syntax analysis of topological continuity within peripheral alleys reveals a core–periphery differentiation, with peripheral alleys weakly incorporated into the main spatial structure. (2) Resident interviews and surveys demonstrate a severe deficit in physical continuity, showing that degraded micro-environments and uneven topography restrict the daily mobility and social networks of the aging population. (3) The tourist regression model indicates that visitor satisfaction is most strongly associated with an integrated environmental–experiential continuity factor. This factor was derived from the six items originally assigned to micro-environment quality and experiential continuity. Based on these findings, the study advocates for a micro-regeneration strategy: low-impact infrastructural repairs should be used to improve residents’ everyday mobility, while functional anchors and interpretive nodes should be selectively introduced along accessible secondary routes to extend tourists’ environmental–experiential continuity.