DOI: 10.46298/cst.11969 ISSN:
Urbanization, motorization and the environment nexus - An international comparative study of London, Tokyo, Nagoya and Bangkok (First part)
Yoshitsugu Hayashi, Rithika Suparat, Roger Mackett, Kenji Doi, Yasuo Tomita, Hirokazu Kato, Nahoko Nakazawa, Krit Anurak Having realized that transport has become a significantly larger contributor to energy consumption and the environmental degradation, this study aims at identifying its comprehensive mechanism and providing a scenario analysis method to understand the future environmental consequences.The mechanism is investigated on the basis of urbanization, motorization and the environment nexus within the transport domain. Each linkage between the components inside the mechanism e.g. population density and distribution, urban configuration, income level, car ownership, transport infrastructure supply, infrastructure investment level etc., has also been examined empirically. The subsequent attempt is to illustrate and validate the proposed premise on the basis of actual interrelationship among urbanization, motorization and the environment through an analogous approach of equivalent development patterns in four diverse metropolises -namely London, Tokyo, Nagoya and Bangkok- situating at various stages of economic development process and at different points of time.The results of the study contain many-sided meaningful evidences and considerable findings to mechanize and support the presumable sequences of nexus. In addition to transport contributor, other environmental consequences are also analyzed. It is likely that the urban development path of a younger aged metropolis will typically follow the same manner as those of prior elderly aged metropolises but rather at an accelerating rate and with a shorter cycle time, as a result of technological progress and rapid economic growth.
Les transports étant devenus une des causes principales de la consommation d'énergie et des dégradations environnementales, il nous semble particulièrement important d'identifier les mécanismes de fonctionnement du système de transport et d'introduire un cadre global d'analyse à partir de scénarios pour comprendre l'évolution future des effets négatifs du transport sur l'environnement.Nous envisagerons ces mécanismes en fonction des relations entre l’urbanisation, la motorisation et l’environnement. Nous avons examiné de manière empirique chacun des liens entre les différents composants du système (par exemple la densité et la distribution de population, la configuration urbaine, le revenu, la motorisation, l'offre d'infrastructures de transport, le niveau d'investissement en infrastructures...) Dans cet article, nous tentons d'illustrer et de valider la prémisse proposée sur la base de la situation actuelle des relations entre l’urbanisation, la motorisation et l’environnement. Notre démarche consiste à comparer les formes de développement de quatre métropoles (Londres, Tokyo, Nagoya et Bangkok) considérées à différents moments de leur développement économique.Les résultats de l'étude aboutissent à certaines évidences mais aussi à des conclusions importantes en ce qui concerne l'évolution probable du système. En outre, nous analysons les effets sur l’environnement. Il est probable que l'évolution des formes urbaines d'une métropole récente ressemble à l'évolution passée des métropoles plus anciennes, mais grâce au progrès technologique et à une croissance économique soutenue, cette évolution peut se faire plus rapidement.
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