Unveiling Systemic Autoimmune Disease: A Rare Case of Bilateral Corneal Ulceration

Abstract

The bilateral occurrence of corneal ulcers often indicates a systemic inflammatory process rather than a localized infection or trauma. We present a unique case of a 40-year-old male with sequential bilateral corneal ulcers associated with oral and genital ulcers who was misdiagnosed as Sjogren’s syndrome. On complete systemic examination and biopsy of oral lesions, a diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid was made. This case emphasizes the need for early recognition of systemic autoimmune diseases in patients with bilateral corneal ulcers. Early diagnosis and management in such patients are critical to preventing visual complications and preserving quality of life. This case explores the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for corneal ulcers in the setting of autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.