Unraveling the Promising Role of Phytochemical-Based Therapies and Their Novel Delivery Systems in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

Oral diseases have affected a large population worldwide. Phytochemicals have shown antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer properties, suggesting their potential for managing oral diseases. Conventional dosage forms containing phytochemicals are commercially available and have demonstrated promising effects in oral conditions. Recently, numerous phytochemical-based novel delivery systems (liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, nanofibers, hydrogels, etc.) have also been prepared to improve the efficacy of phytochemicals in managing the conditions discussed here. These novel delivery systems can improve local retention, protect phytochemicals from degradation, enhance penetration and bioavailability, and provide controlled or sustained release. This review therefore offers a delivery-system-focused perspective. Research articles from 2013 to 2026 were systematically reviewed. Preclinical and clinical applications of phenolic compounds (catechins, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol), carotenoids (lycopene, astaxanthin, and β-carotene), and alkaloids (berberine and piperine) for managing periodontal diseases, oral cancers, potentially malignant oral disorders, dental caries, oral candidiasis, and oral ulcers are summarized. The article provides an overview of oral diseases, classification, common phytochemicals, mechanisms, and clinical improvements. Finally, conventional and novel drug delivery systems loaded with phytochemicals are discussed. This work explores challenges and outlines future directions, with special attention to the role of artificial intelligence.