DOI: 10.1039/d6ra02776h ISSN: 2046-2069
Unparalleled nanofibril hydrogel actuators by mimicking nature's design
Farhiya Alex Sellman, Rebecca Östmans, Tobias BenselfeltInspired by plant cell walls, cellulose nanofibril networks redirect osmotic swelling into powerful uniaxial actuation, achieving unprecedented pressure, strain, and response rates appraoching those of lifelike artificial muscles.