Unlocking the Potential of Magnesium‐Based Hydrogen Storage Composites via Advanced Thermodynamic and Kinetic Tuning Strategies

ABSTRACT

The development of efficient and safe solid‐state hydrogen storage technologies is pivotal for the transition toward sustainable clean energy. Magnesium is a promising hydrogen carrier due to its high gravimetric (7.6 wt.% for MgH ₂ ) and volumetric storage capacity (110 kg m ⁻³ ), abundance, and excellent reversibility. However, the practical application of Mg‐based materials is hindered by their high thermodynamic stability (ΔH  =    −74.7 kJ mol ⁻¹ H ₂ ) and sluggish sorption kinetics. Here, we overview the latest advances in Mg‐based composites for high hydrogen storage performance. We discuss key material modification strategies, including catalysis, nanostructuring, alloying, and external field assistance to tune the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Mg‐based materials. We stress the emerging role of machine learning in accelerating material design, performance prediction, and optimization. We also critically assess the techno‐economic viability of Mg‐based hydrogen storage within integrated hydrogen value chains. This assessment considers how storage connects with hydrogen production, transport, and end‐use applications. Finally, we outline challenges and future research directions, aiming to guide the rational design of next‐generation Mg‐based hydrogen storage materials and systems toward commercial applications.