Understanding Sociodemographic Barriers to Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Completion: Experience With the WISQOL
Yadong Lu, Carl Ceraolo, Raviraj Rege, David Song, Elisabeth Hayward, Soumya Konar, Rajat Jain, Scott QuarrierPurpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate demographic and social vulnerability factors associated with completion of electronically distributed Wisconsin Stone Quality-of-Life (WISQOL) questionnaires among patients with nephrolithiasis.
Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively studied all patients electronically distributed the WISQOL at an outpatient urology clinic from February 2020 to June 2025. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) quantified community-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Baseline demographics and SVI were compared between patients who completed at least 1 WISQOL and those who did not. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of completion, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and high social vulnerability, defined as SVI ≥ 75th percentile.
Results:
Overall, 21,906 WISQOL questionnaires were distributed to 5380 patients. At the encounter level, 5124 questionnaires were completed (23.4%); at the patient level, 2120 patients completed at least 1 WISQOL (39.4%). Completers were older (62.5 vs 59.1 years,
Conclusions:
Electronic WISQOL completion was low. Higher SVI independently predicted lower completion and worse reported quality of life, suggesting targeted strategies are needed to improve equity in PRO collection among stone patients overall.