Understanding and controlling environmental effects in direct ink writing of upcycled biomaterials

ABSTRACT:

This paper examines how ambient airflow, temperature, and humidity impact the print quality of upcycled biomaterials in Direct Ink Writing, and explores strategies for mitigation. A standardized pecan shell flour ink was used with optimized slicing parameters. Experiments in a controlled climate chamber involved sensor logging and statistical analysis. Airflow improved structural stability, overhang fidelity and bridging, but increased Z-axis shrinkage. Higher temperatures slightly improved bridging, while elevated humidity reduced stability and increased sagging, despite small bridging gains.