DOI: 10.1002/micr.70248 ISSN: 0738-1085

Umbilical Inset Incision Type Influences Abdominal Donor Site Healing in Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Kshipra Hemal, Thomas Sorenson, Rebecca Lisk, Malory Alexis, Sachin Chinta, Alay Shah, Rebecca Vernon, Carter Boyd, John Muller, Angela Volk, Jamie P. Levine, Vishal Thanik, Nolan Karp, Mihye Choi, Oriana Cohen

ABSTRACT

Background

Delayed abdominal wound healing remains a common complication following abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. We hypothesized that the type of umbilical inset incision impacts the incidence of delayed wound healing due to differential disruption of abdominal wall vascularity, particularly in the infraumbilical region.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction at a single center between 2014 and 2021. The primary outcome was delayed abdominal wound healing, classified as major (requiring readmission or reoperation), minor (managed with outpatient care, antibiotics, or debridement), or both. Umbilical inset incision type was evaluated as a predictor using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Four hundred and eighty‐eight patients and 791 flaps were included. Patients were on average 51 ± 9 years old and had a median body mass index of 28 ( IQR 7) kg/m 2 . The most used umbilical incision was an elliptical incision (193, 40%) followed by vertical (141, 29%), inverted‐U (30, 6%), other (39, 8%), and unknown (81, 17%). Abdominal wound healing complications occurred in 63 (13%) patients. The incidence of abdominal wound healing complications was lowest with elliptical incisions ( p  < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model controlling for age, BMI , diabetes, smoking history, and flap weight, umbilical incision predicted abdominal wound healing complications, with inverted‐U and vertical incisions conferring higher odds of abdominal wound healing complications ( OR 5.9, 95% CI [1.6, 20.8] and OR 4.6, 95% CI [2.0, 11.4], p  < 0.05) as compared to elliptical incisions.

Conclusion

Abdominal wall vascularity likely plays a critical role in donor site healing following autologous reconstruction. In this large cohort, inverted‐U and vertical umbilical inset incisions were associated with the highest rates of wound healing complications.

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