Typology of museumified objects of industrial heritage of the Urals (1960-1980s)

The subject of this study is the industrial heritage sites of the Urals, which underwent the process of museumification between the 1960s and 1980s. The relevance of this research topic is determined by the growing desire of the Russian public to preserve industrial heritage sites for future generations. In recent decades, this has manifested itself in initiatives, typically by private companies, to create entire museum spaces to display restored industrial monuments. The purpose of this article is to identify the main types of museums used to preserve industrial heritage sites in the Urals from the 1960s to the 1980s. The study involved both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, typology, comparison) and specific historical methods (historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological. The study's novelty lies in the fact that no one has previously created a typology of industrial heritage sites preserved as museums during this period. The author presents two such typologies. The criterion for the first was the profile (specialization) of the museums, while the second was the type of objects being displayed. As a result, the author concluded that during the specified chronological period, industrial heritage objects were preserved in museums of various types. Factory (production, corporate) museums were the most popular option. However, they had a number of limitations for displaying large objects or entire process units. The most suitable museum spaces were open-air museums, museum-reserves, and factory museums, which could house industrial heritage sites of varying types and sizes. A unique example is the Nizhny Tagil State Museum-Reserve of Mining and Metallurgy of the Middle Urals, established in 1987. Another type of museum—one of science and technology—has never been established in the Urals, although ideas, concepts, and projects were actively developed as early as the 1970s and 1980s.