Two-Layer Source–Storage Coordinated Planning Method Coordinating Low-Carbon Economic Security Objectives and Energy Storage Market Driving

In the new-type power system, the traditional generation planning paradigm has shifted to a new paradigm of source–storage collaborative planning. However, source–storage coordinated planning is facing deep-seated structural challenges of unbalanced multi-objective coordination and insufficient adaptability to market mechanisms. This paper first designs a source–storage coordinated planning framework with a two-layer structure of planning decision-making and operation verification, which takes into account multiple low-carbon, economic, and security planning objectives, and considers the dual market driving of energy storage participating in active-power and reactive-power regulations. Secondly, a two-layer optimal planning model is constructed: the upper-layer aims at minimizing the investment cost of new source–storage and minimizing annual carbon emissions, while the lower-layer aims at minimizing the comprehensive operation cost and maximizing the revenue of the energy storage market. The feature of this model is that it can simultaneously consider the coupling effect of the active-power market and the reactive-power market. Thirdly, a two-layer closed-loop iterative solution method based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is adopted to generate the source–storage coordinated planning scheme. Finally, simulation calculations are performed on the modified New England 39-bus system. The results show that, when considering the market driving of energy storage in both active-power and reactive-power regulations, the installed capacity of new energy reaches 465 MW, which is 55% higher than that in the no-market scenario, while the renewable energy curtailment rate is only 1.7%. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed two-layer source–storage coordinated planning method in this paper are verified.