TSO Digital Control Room with Human-in-the-Loop for Enhanced Grid Operation with SMR Integrations

This paper describes a human-in-the-loop TSO-DCR architecture that incorporates transmission system simulation, HMS, HPMS, and HPSN. MATLAB App Designer, MATPOWER, and Simulink/Simscape Electrical were used to examine baseline conditions, a transmission disturbance due to a weather event, and an 85 MW SMR generation trip. In the weather disturbance scenario, the outage of Line 7–8 resulted in an increase in the loading of Line 8–9 to 117.6%, while the minimum bus voltage was reduced to 0.969 p.u. Further corrective measures were taken that decreased the loading of the chosen branch to about 96.0% while increasing the minimum bus voltage to 0.987 p.u. The SMR generation-trip event produced a simulated minimum frequency of 59.589 Hz and was followed by the activation of the replacement reserves and the return of the frequency to its normal level. With the retrospective SMR human performance analysis based on the implementation of the defined HPMS/HPSN method, the average heuristic error-risk index value was raised from 0.353 during the baseline period to 0.411 during the trip and diagnosis, and the average value of the HPMS performance ratio was reduced from 4.331 to 3.472.