Towards Optimised Oscillating Water Columns with Dielectric Elastomer Generators: A Parametric Analysis of Design Parameters and Functional Specifications

Oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters equipped with dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) represent a promising technology for harnessing ocean wave energy. This study emphasises the critical role of functional specifications in guiding the development of these devices from initial concept to full-scale deployment. A comprehensive analysis of key design parameters that influence the performance and efficiency of flexible OWCs with DEG-based power take-off systems is presented. This investigation focuses on the effects of draft, membrane diameter, deformation characteristics, number of layers, and membrane thickness on power output. Utilising a combination of analytical tools, including Wave Venture software, MATLAB, and Abaqus, detailed simulations and analyses are conducted to optimise these parameters. Our results demonstrate that increasing the DEG diameter significantly enhances power output, with diameters between 5 and 12 m showing optimal efficiency. A critical strain threshold of approximately 32% is identified, beyond which power output efficiency diminishes. Furthermore, the study reveals that multi-layer DEG configurations can substantially increase energy production, with thinner membranes generally yielding higher outputs. These findings provide valuable insights for developing functional specifications that balance performance, manufacturability, and long-term reliability in marine environments. This research advances OWC technology by offering a parameter-screening framework to guide device design towards optimised configurations and to accelerate the path to commercial viability in the wave energy sector.