Towards an In‐Depth Understanding of the Versatile Functions of Silicon in Legumes Under Biotic and Abiotic Stress: Identifying Research Gaps

ABSTRACT

Studies have shown the vital role of silicon (Si) under stress conditions, suggesting it could be used as a basic fertilizer. Collectively, as a strategic approach under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, Si offers a sustainable means to boost legume resilience and productivity, thereby contributing significantly to food security amid climate challenges. This review evaluates the current state of the art regarding the key role of Si in legume growth and physiological processes under stressful conditions. Although legumes are not Si accumulators, Si application has demonstrated a positive impact on legume growth and resilience. Furthermore, the review discusses various directions and research gaps in Si‐mediated root nodule function that remain poorly understood. It classifies these gaps into plant‐ and soil‐based mechanisms. Collectively, the review recommends further research on Si dynamics in soil, particularly its interactions with essential nutrients (i.e., phosphorus) and soil microbiomes across diverse agroecological conditions, especially under symbiotic N ₂ ‐fixing conditions. Collectively, more research is needed on different Si forms (especially nano‐Si) to better understand how particle size, surface chemistry and dosage influence legume fitness, rhizosphere dynamics and long‐term soil health.