Topological Optimization of Steel and Concrete Tubular-Floor Trusses Based on CO2 Emission

This paper addresses the topological optimization of composite floor systems, specifically focusing on tubular composite trusses with and without concrete filling in the upper chord. The optimization problem is formulated and solved using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the Bonobo Algorithm (BO), both with CO2 emissions reduction as the objective. A comparative analysis is conducted against literature models using full-web beams, revealing a notable 20%+ reduction in total CO2 emissions for the proposed composite truss configuration. Additionally, a parametric analysis examines how various design parameters affect the optimization solution. Results indicate that the use of concrete in the upper chord has a substantial effect on reducing overall CO2 emissions, especially with concrete strengths exceeding 25 MPa. Notably, the Bonobo Algorithm outperforms PSO in finding optimal solutions for the composite floor system. The study contributes to the underexplored field of topological optimization for composite truss beams, providing valuable insights into sustainable design practices for structural engineering applications.