Thinner inner retinal layers are associated with lower cognitive performance, lower brain volume, and altered white matter network structure—The Maastricht Study
Frank C. T. van der Heide, Indra L. M. Steens, Betsie Limmen, Sara Mokhtar, Martin P. J. van Boxtel, Miranda T. Schram, Sebastian Köhler, Abraham A. Kroon, Carla J. H. van der Kallen, Pieter C. Dagnelie, Martien C. J. M. van Dongen, Simone J. P. M. Eussen, Tos T. J. M. Berendschot, Carroll A. B. Webers, Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek, Annemarie Koster, Thomas T. van Sloten, Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Walter H. Backes, Coen D. A. Stehouwer- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
- Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Neurology (clinical)
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Health Policy
- Epidemiology
Abstract
Introduction
The retina may provide non‐invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration.
Methods
We used cross‐sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]). We evaluated associations of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer thicknesses with cognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging indices (global grey and white matter volume, hippocampal volume, whole brain node degree, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency).
Results
After adjustment, lower thicknesses of most inner retinal layers were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance, lower grey and white matter volume, lower hippocampal volume, and worse brain white matter network structure assessed from lower whole brain node degree, lower global efficiency, higher clustering coefficient, and higher local efficiency.
Discussion
The retina may provide biomarkers that are informative of cerebral neurodegenerative changes in the pathobiology of dementia.