DOI: 10.1177/07591063261451877 ISSN: 0759-1063
The unspoken and motivated omission as data: Methodological and ethical challenges in the ethnography of Kurdish women combatants
Somayeh Rostampour Abstract
This article explores the methodological and ethical dilemmas encountered during an ethnographic study of Kurdish women combatants affiliated with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), conducted in a context shaped by war, clandestinity, and militant logics. Grounded in immersive fieldwork both in the guerrilla strongholds and within the Kurdish diaspora, the analysis focuses on the unspoken: those silences that emerge through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and everyday interactions. The inquiry is structured around a dual question: what do the silences of the interlocutors reveal, and what do the researcher’s own silences signify? As part of a PhD dissertation, this research adopts a feminist and reflexive stance, mobilizing the framework of “reflexive openness” (
Jacobs et al., 2021
), complemented by the concept of “motivated omission,” introduced here as both an analytical tool and an ethical principle. This concept allows for a recognition of deliberate silence, whether voluntary or constrained, as a gesture of care and protection. Far from being mere absences, these silences are treated as substantive data, reflecting tensions between loyalty, vulnerability, and representational stakes. The article identifies and analyzes three primary forms of unsaid: those rooted in the subjectivity of the participants (modesty, pain, and strategic silence), those shaped by organizational or militant constraints, and those tied to the intimate experience of war and violence. It also considers the researcher’s own silences, shaped by her positionality as a Kurdish woman, a witness, and an involved outsider. Within this framework, ethics is not a fixed normative system, but rather a situated practice of managing silence: an ongoing negotiation between transparency, safety, and fidelity to lived experience. Ultimately, this study highlights the productive role of silence in conflict research settings, while calling for critical awareness of the tendency to idealize, or fetishize, women fighters. It advocates for a situated, sensitive, and humble approach to research, one in which silence, at times, speaks as meaningfully as words