The Sciamachy of Modern Sanity: The Interface Between Classical Philosophy and Mental Health Theory and Practice in Twenty-First-Century China

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the interface between mental health and areas formerly viewed as unrelated (the arts, philosophy and religion). In this article, I zoom in on the ways in which central texts and insights from the Daoist corpus can open a window into modern mental health issues. In its critique of the Confucian insistence on ‘mental hygiene’, the Daoist position vouches for an important level of flexibility conducive to what we now refer to as mental health. Importantly, this removes the stigma on so-called neurodiversity by placing it on a spectrum, away from the strict Confucian emphasis on order and harmony. As such, texts like the Zhuangzi discussed below have an uncanny relevance for any serious investigation of mental health and illness in twenty-first-century China.