The Role of Geodiversity in Geoconservation Actions: An Integrated Framework

Geodiversity represents a cornerstone concept at the intersection of geological, environmental, and biological sciences. As an abiotic equivalent of biodiversity, it encompasses the natural variety of geological, geomorphological, hydrological, and pedological features, as well as their assemblies, structures, systems, and functional processes. Its ecological significance is clear: geodiversity serves as the fundamental physical scaffold underpinning ecosystems, driving the complex, non-linear relationships that sustain biotic communities and regulate ecosystem services. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on refining the conceptualization of geodiversity and developing quantitative and qualitative frameworks for thematic mapping across multiple spatial scales—from local landforms to regional landscapes. However, translating these cartographic and spatial assessments into actionable conservation measures remains a critical challenge. Rigorous characterization of geodiversity is an indispensable prerequisite for geoconservation, as it provides the baseline evidence needed to identify abiotic vulnerability, establish protection priorities, and guide sustainable territorial planning. This paper presents a theoretical framework for classifying geodiversity, specifically structured in relation to target geoconservation actions. By categorizing abiotic elements through operational steps, this study provides a systematic decision-support tool that aligns diverse geodiversity components and vulnerability levels with specifically tailored conservation, restoration, and management actions.