The role of complementary medicine in the holistic, patient-centered recovery from anorexia nervosa – a narrative review

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) can be a severe psychiatric disorder associated with one of the highest mortality rates among mental health conditions. AN treatment demands a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. However, conventional therapies often fall short in addressing the full biopsychosocial complexity of the illness. This narrative review explores the emerging role of complementary medicine (CM) in the management of AN, emphasizing its scientific rationale, clinical applications, and relevance within integrative care models. By synthesizing findings from current literature, the review examines a range of CM interventions, such as functional nutrition, dietary supplementation, phytotherapy, aromatherapy, acupuncture, reflexology, massage therapy, mindfulness meditation, yoga, Qigong, Tai Chi, homeopathy, and Bach Flower Remedies. These modalities aim to restore nutritional equilibrium, improve psychological well-being, enhance body image, reduce stress and anxiety, foster self-regulation, and strengthen the mind-body connection. When used alongside standard treatments, CM may offer a more holistic and individualized approach to care, supporting sustained recovery and reducing relapse risk. Nevertheless, while preliminary evidence is encouraging, further high-quality research is needed to validate the efficacy of these therapies and inform the development of evidence-based integrative treatment protocols for AN.