The Mutational Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Impact

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of hematological malignancies and a leading cause of cancer deaths. It is characterized by the rapid accumulation of typically immature myeloid cells that serve to disrupt the production of mature cells, leading to a range of clinical sequelae. The role of recurrent chromosomal aberrations has long been appreciated in this disease, but a myriad of gene mutations have been increasingly acknowledged as having important roles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mutational landscape of AML, discussing the various genetic lesions in terms of their function, classification, etiological role, prognostic value, therapeutic impact, detection, and monitoring, with a particular focus on gene mutations.