The Multitalented Marvels: Exploring the Versatile Potential of Natural Products in Osteosarcoma Treatment

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant neoplasm arising from bone tissue. The OS exhibited a significant degree of heterogeneity, with a high incidence of local invasion and a high rate of metastasis. Approximately 25% of those diagnosed with OS present with metastases, with the lungs being the most prevalent site, followed by the bones or lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rate for patients with OS with lung metastasis is only 10% to 30%. Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens significantly enhanced the 5-year survival rate in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic OS. However, the same regimens did not provide a substantial improvement in survival for patients with OS who had acquired lung metastasis or had recurrence. Moreover, the extensive use of chemotherapy medications often results in the development of resistance to chemotherapy in patients with OS, which frequently culminates in treatment ineffectiveness. Natural products (NPs) are significant reservoirs of anti-cancer medications. Preclinical investigations have shown that certain NPs had substantial promise for treating OS. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive overview of the use of NPs in OS treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the NPs, which include polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, that have the potential to be effective in the treatment of OS.