The Inhospitality of Inclusion in Music Education

The purpose of this literature review was to investigate aspects of inclusion in music education that hinder or facilitate the provision of unconditionally hospitable learning environments. I reviewed books and articles within the fields of music education and special education that focused on inclusion. Through Derrida’s theory of hospitality, I identified five barriers to effective inclusion: (a) lack of access to inclusion, (b) attitudes and perceptions, (c) inadequate preparation and training, (d) insufficient access to materials and resources, and (e) confidence. Findings also reflected specific cultural characteristics and strategies as facilitators of effective inclusion. Researchers can explore types of behaviors often resulting in the placement of students in self-contained classrooms and specific ways teachers can adapt the environment and instruction to make inclusion more hospitable.