The Importance of Monitoring Systems in the Assessment and Prevention of Landslides in Open-Pit Mines and Waste Dumps in Oltenia and Similar Regions

Abstract

The paper entitled “The Importance of Monitoring Systems in the Assessment and Prevention of Landslides in Open-Pit Mines and Waste Dumps in Oltenia and Similar Regions” addresses the issue of slope stability in surface mining operations. The main objective of this study is to identify the risk factors underlying the occurrence of such events, as well as to highlight the need for the implementation of modern geotechnical monitoring systems.

The paper presents the methods used to identify landslide-prone areas, based on field observations, geotechnical measurements and modern monitoring technologies. The main causes contributing to the occurrence of landslides are analyzed, including the geological structure of the terrain, hydrogeological characteristics, climatic variations, as well as the influence of anthropogenic activities, such as intensive mining operations and improper waste material deposition in dumps.

The paper includes relevant examples from the Oltenia region, where such events have affected the stability of open-pit mines and waste dumps, as well as a comparative study with similar regions from other countries, highlighting causes and solutions applied in different contexts. These examples contribute to a better understanding of how the risks associated with instability can be managed.

Furthermore, the paper presents monitoring systems used in practice, such as topographic, geotechnical and sensor-based monitoring, which allow the early detection of deformations and the implementation of preventive measures. Additional methods include satellite-based monitoring (InSAR technology), GPS/GNSS-based systems, continuous structural monitoring, the use of drones and aerial surveys for periodic inspections, as well as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technologies, which enable the generation of highly accurate 3D models of the terrain and monitored structures. The implementation of these systems significantly contributes to increasing personnel safety, protecting the environment, and reducing economic losses. Finally, methods for the prevention and control of landslides are proposed, such as slope stabilization works, drainage systems and the efficient management of mining operations and material deposition. The paper highlights the importance of the use and implementation of modern technologies in ensuring safe and sustainable exploitation.