THE IMPACT OF SPRING TRITICALE CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES ON PRODUCTIVE SHOOT DENSITY FORMATION

The objective of research is to identify the effect of technology elements on the formation of the density of productive spring triticale plants. Objectives: to determine the role of four factors in the process of plant morphogenesis, their contribution to the variability of the studied traits; to establish the relationship between them. The experiment was laid out in 2022 with one predecessor – fallow, from 2023 to 2025, a study of 6 seeding rates (4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.2; 5.5; 6.0 million viable grains per 1 ha) was carried out with three predecessors: fallow, cereals, buckwheat. The source material was two varieties of spring triticale: Kuraginets and Rossika. The area of the plots was 43.2 m2 in four replicates, systematic arrangement. Sowing was carried out in the first ten-day period of May with a SSN-7 seeder with the application of sulfoammophos at a dose of 70 kg/ha. Observations and records were conducted according to the Field Experiment Methodology (1985) and the State Variety Testing Methodology (1985, 1989). Over the years of study, reliable differences in field germination and plant survival to harvest were obtained for all studied factors. Significant differences in field germination between varieties were 8.0 %, and plant survival was 2.7 %. Growing conditions significantly influenced the effect, with the difference in field germination depending on them being 14.1 %, and plant survival 11.3 %. Higher rates of field germination and plant survival were observed in precursor fallows, with a seeding rate of 4.0 million viable grains per 1 ha. Productive tillering gradually decreases from the norm of 4.0 million (1.27) to 6 million viable grains per 1 ha (1.14). The maximum number of productive shoots was formed in 2025, fallow was separated from the predecessors (seeding rate – 5.2 million grains). Phenotypic variability of productive tillering (50.6 %), the number of productive shoots per unit area (46.3 %), plant survival at harvest (45.0 %) is mainly caused by vegetation conditions. The role of genotype (10.1 %), the number of plants and productive shoots – seeding rate (27.8; 15.8 %), survival of plants – predecessor (6.8 %) is significantly manifested in the variability of field germination. Correlations between parameters related to plant density formation and yield structure elements depend on plant growing conditions, the preceding crop, and seeding rate. Field emergence, plant survival, and productive tillering were found to be correlated to varying degrees with the number of plants and productive shoots per unit area, grain weight per ear and shoot, and grain yield.