The Impact of Reported Masculine Behaviors on the Relationship Between Negative Attitudes of Aging and Depression

Stereotype embodiment theory states that individuals who hold negative aging stereotypes may internalize them, and thus view their own aging process as negative. This study aimed to evaluate how older adult men may be influenced by their adherence to masculinity standards, such as men are expected to be strong and independent, in older adulthood. A sample of 439 heterosexual men aged 55 and older living in the southern United States was analyzed, finding that participating in masculine behaviors moderated the relationship between negative perceptions of aging and depression. Participants who reported often participating in masculine behaviors and a negative perception of aging had higher levels of depression. Participating in masculine behaviors did not moderate the relationship between depression and positive perceptions of aging. This suggests that masculinity is an important factor to consider for the well-being of older adult men, particularly when paired with a negative perception of aging.