DOI: 10.1177/15303667261463014 ISSN: 1530-3667
The Impact of Climate Change on the Climatic Suitability of
Rhipicephalus microplus
in Mainland China
Xiaohui Zhao, Ying Liu, Ming Yan, Ruilong Wang, Jianhua Xiao, Jiaying Guo
Background:
Rhipicephalus microplus
, a one-host tick species, serves as a principal vector of tick-borne diseases in agricultural ecosystems worldwide by harboring and transmitting various pathogens through blood-feeding. In China, the climatically suitable range of
R. microplus
has been gradually expanding. However, the climatic suitability of
R. microplus
under future climate change scenarios remains unclear.
Methods:
This study evaluates both current and projected climatic suitability of
R. microplus
by integrating climatic variables, thereby providing insight into shifts in climatic suitability under present and future climate conditions. The MaxEnt model was applied using 78 occurrence records of
R. microplus
collected from 1970 to 2023, along with 19 environmental variables obtained from WorldClim. By identifying the most influential environmental factors affecting the climatic suitability of
R. microplus
, we predicted future changes under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, SSP585) for three future periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060, and 2061–2080).
Results:
This study indicates that the current climatically suitable areas for
R. microplus
are mainly located in southern China, covering approximately 1,051,406 km
2
, which accounts for about 10.91% of China’s total land area. The minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio06, 69.6%) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18, 20.1%) were identified as the most influential climatic variables. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for
R. microplus
is projected to expand and shift northward. By 2061–2080 under the SSP585, the suitable area could reach up to 2,994,700 km
2
, representing a 2.85-fold increase relative to its current extent.
Conclusions:
This study projects a significant northward expansion of climatic suitability for
R. microplus
in mainland China under future climate scenarios, driven primarily by rising minimum winter temperatures. These findings highlight an urgent need for proactive, climate-integrated surveillance and adaptive control strategies to mitigate the growing threat of this tick vector and its associated diseases in newly vulnerable regions.