DOI: 10.33469/oannes.1849697 ISSN: 2667-7059

The Hemithea Cult Belief in the Hellenistic Period Karia Chersonesos and Its Contributions to Regional Culture – An Archaeological Evaluation in Light of New Findings

Salih Kaymakçı
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Located within the territory of Bybassos (Marmaris - Hisarönü), the Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos (Κάσταβος) occupies a strategic natural ridge on Eren Mountain at an altitude of 275 meters. During the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period, this sanctuary played a pivotal role in the religious, social, and political fabric of the Carian Chersonesos. This study integrates recent archaeological data with mythological, epigraphic, and architectural evidence to provide a comprehensive reassessment of the cult of Hemithea, moving beyond traditional interpretations. While the sanctuary’s primary function was a center for healing rituals—rooted in the myth of Molpadia—this research examines the site as a vital hub for regional koinon unity and social solidarity. The architectural evolution of the temple reflects a sophisticated blend of local Carian identity and the burgeoning influence of the Rhodian Peraia. Furthermore, the study explores the site’s complex economic and cultural interactions through a detailed analysis of ceramic finds and inscriptions, which highlight its role in maritime trade networks and regional connectivity. By addressing the limitations and gaps in earlier scholarship, this reappraisal offers a nuanced perspective on the cultic and political systems of ancient Caria. It demonstrates how the sanctuary functioned as a central pillar for regional identity and geopolitical stability. This holistic approach provides new insights into the socio-economic dynamics of the Rhodian-Carian frontier.

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