DOI: 10.46298/cst.12029 ISSN:
The Future of Secondary Airports: Nodes of a parallel air transport network? Richard de Neufville
Richard Neufville As of 2004, the future of the traditional airlines is at stake. By extension, so is the future for their platforms, their airports. Once air transport became open to unregulated competition, many kinds of innovative companies have challenged the "legacy" airlines. Whether the innovators focus on passengers (Southwest, Ryanair), integrated cargo (DHL, Fedex) or the airports themselves (Frankfurt/Hahn, Boston/Providence), they fundamentally challenge the traditional business model for airlines. Since the airport business is closed tied to that of the airlines, the presumption must be that the past airport business proposition is also changing.The paper offers a perspective and presents a unique global set of data on secondary airports. It is based on the observation of their evolution over many years. It includes both the extensive experience in North America, where air transport has been more intensely developed than on other continents, and extended observations of developments in Europe and other continents.This article suggests that we may be witnessing the development of 3 air transport networks based on distinct airports. These will serve the traditional airlines, the "low cost" carriers, and integrated freight. These networks intersect but, since they have different needs, they will demand and obtain substantial independence. This hypothesis leads to two propositions. The first is that many secondary, "low cost" airports will develop in metropolitan regions, and will undermine many grandiose projects at the major airports. The second is that the development of independent networks will decentralize air transport toward smaller communities, not only to serve these markets, but also to serve the continental market. The paper closes with suggestions about how existing airport and airline companies might best respond to the possible developments of the innovative, often "low cost" airlines. In brief, the main thought is that the responsible leaders should coherently support the development of the innovative airlines that may represent their future.
Il est à penser que nous vivons une période où le devenir des compagnies aériennes est en jeu. Du fait de leur ouverture à la concurrence, elles sont partout bousculées par des compagnies novatrices. Que ce soit pour les passagers (Southwest, Ryanair…), le fret intégré (DHL, Fedex…) ou les plates-formes (Francfort/Hahn, Boston/Providence…), l’évolution que connaît le transport aérien s’en trouve fondamentalement modifiée. On ne peut plus croire dès lors que les offres aéroportuaires d’autrefois continueront à être aussi pertinentes.Cet article décrit et analyse le devenir des aéroports secondaires, appuyé sur des observations empiriques de leur évolution tendancielle à l’échelle globale. Cette analyse est logiquement d’abord fondée sur l’expérience américaine, puisque celle-ci a devancé celles des autres continents. Elle est toutefois enrichie et modulée par des informations précises sur les évolutions qu’ont connues plusieurs pays européens, ainsi qu’à partir de celles ayant affecté d’autres continents, présentées dans une collection unique de tableaux de données mise ainsi à la disposition du lecteur.Le propos défend la thèse selon laquelle trois réseaux de transport aériens - compagnies traditionnelles, " low cost " et fret intégré - sont certes entremêlés mais développent des exigences différentes, les faisant aller vers beaucoup plus d’autonomie. De cette réflexion découlent deux enseignements. Le premier est que nous assisterons à l’essor de beaucoup d’aéroports secondaires low cost dans les régions métropolitaines et que ceux-ci remettront en cause beaucoup de projets concernant les grandes plates-formes. Le second est que ces tendances vont décentraliser le transport aérien vers les régions, non seulement pour les desservir mais aussi pour contribuer à la desserte globale du marché continental. Ceci traduit une évolution tendancielle de l’échelle de référence des équipements aéroportuaires et des trafics aériens.
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