The Extraliguistic Determinants of the Linguistic Landscape of the Mexican State of Campeche: A Structural Sociolinguistic Analysis

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of extralinguistic factors determining the formation of the linguistic landscape of the Mexican state of Campeche as part of the Yucatan sociolinguistic area. The key result of the work is the establishment of a zonal distribution of language codes by onomastic types, demonstrating the heterogeneous nature of linguistic representation. Autochthonous linguistic elements demonstrate the greatest stability in the toponymic core, primarily in oikonymy, hydronymy, and names of objects of historical and cultural significance, where nominations have a high degree of normative fixation and reproducibility. The Spanish language performs a system-forming administrative and communicative function and ensures the infrastructural integrity of the public space. The English-language component is concentrated mainly in commercial ergonyms and service urbanonyms, forming a pragmatically oriented and highly renewable layer of linguistic visibility. Migration languages manifest themselves in the form of local oikonymic micro-segments that enhance the polycentricity of the regional landscape. Thus, the urban and rustic markers of the linguistic landscape of the state are the embodiment of the precolonial, colonial and postcolonial linguistic symbiosis that has developed in this territory. The analysis of the onomastic status of language units revealed a disparity between demographic indicators and the degree of visual representation of languages: visibility is determined not by the number of native speakers, but by the functional niche of the nomination. As a result, the Campeche linguistic landscape is described as a multilayered chronotopic structure in which precolonial, colonial and modern strata coexist in different areas of public space, forming a semiotically continuous model of the cultural memory of the region. The data obtained confirm the productivity of the interdisciplinary approach and indicate the need for further empirical studies of the visual linguistic environment of the regions of Mexico based on an expanded corpus of materials for a more complete understanding of the role of extralinguistic factors in shaping the linguistic landscape of the state in question.