The effects of nursing interventions on the incidence of non-ventilator associated hospital-acquired pneumonia, a literature review
Miriam Cordts, Helena SzarukAbstract
Introduction
Healthcare associated infections [HAIs] cause unnecessary suffering for patients, prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs globally. Hospital acquired pneumonia is the third most common HAI in Sweden generally. In Swedish acute care specifically, it is the most common HAI. Ventilator associated pneumonia has been extensively researched compared to non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia. Compiling current research on preventive measures for the latter could contribute to better infection control.
Aim
To examine the effects of nursing interventions on the incidence of non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia within hospital settings.
Methods
A structured literature review to compile current evidence and research was conducted. Fifteen research articles, that met inclusion criteria, were identified through structured searches in PubMed and CINAHL. Data were extracted from the results and synthesized. Similarities and differences, statistical significance and effect size were extracted and compared.
Results
Oral care, care bundle interventions and dysphagia screening were identified as the three main intervention categories. The results show both significant and non-significant reductions. Oral care interventions, containing oral assessment and structured educational program, and the majority of care bundle interventions generated a significant reduction. However, due to different study designs, comparisons are not without challenges.
Discussion
Basic nursing interventions such as oral care have a positive effect on the prevention of non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, more standardized comparable research is needed to create more evidence-based nursing practices.