DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000004067 ISSN: 0195-9131

The Effects of Eight-Week Traditional Aerobic Exercise and Exergaming on Dual-Task Performance and Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Older Adults

Cheng-Liang Chang, Wen-Yi Chen, Chien-Yu Pan, Yu-Ting Tseng, Fu-Chen Chen, Chia-Liang Tsai

Purpose:

This study examined the effects of an eight-week exergaming (EG) program compared with traditional aerobic exercise on dual-task performance and prefrontal hemodynamics in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods:

Thirty-three older adults (21 females, 12 males; mean age = 64.2 ± 5.5 years) were randomly assigned to either an EG group (n = 16) or an aerobic exercise (AE) group (n = 17). Both groups completed supervised moderate-intensity training thrice per week for 30 minutes per session. Before and after the intervention, the participants performed a Stroop task under single-task, slow dual-task, and fast dual-task conditions. Behavioral accuracy was recorded, and prefrontal oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin concentrations were analyzed utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Physical fitness measures included estimated VO max, chair stand, arm curl, and timed up-and-go performance.

Results:

Both interventions substantially enhanced VO₂max ( p <.001), chair stand repetitions ( p =.009), and timed up-and-go performance ( p <.001). Behavioral findings exhibited elevated accuracy across all task conditions after training ( p <.001). The EG group displayed superior performance only in the fast dual-task condition ( p =.005), whereas no between-group differences were observed in single-task or slow dual-task conditions. Hemodynamic analyses revealed significant reductions in oxygenated ( p <.003) and total hemoglobin ( p =.015) over time, with larger reductions observed in the EG group. Deoxygenated hemoglobin did not show significant effects.

Conclusions:

Both training modalities improved physical fitness and task performance. EG provided additional benefits under the most demanding dual-task condition and was associated with more efficient prefrontal activation.

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