DOI: 10.31362/patd.2019969 ISSN: 1309-9833

The effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources on diabetic wound healing

Serkan Şahin, Gül Neşet, Nazlı Çil, Can Sorkun, İsmail Kubilay Baykan, Elif Önder, Gülçin Abban Mete
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Purpose: It is unclear whether the tissue source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences their activity in diabetic wounds. This study aimed to compare the effects of dental pulp–derived and adipose tissue–derived MSCs on wound healing and on the cutaneous expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.To compare the effects of dental pulp–derived and adipose tissue–derived MSCs on diabetic wound healing and on the cutaneous expression of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.Materials and methods: Twenty-four male rats were allocated to four groups (n=6 each): non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and diabetic wounds treated with dental pulp–derived or adipose tissue–derived MSCs. Diabetes was induced with STZ (55 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). A 5 mm full-thickness wound was created, and 1×10⁶ MSCs were applied topically in the treatment groups. On day 10, skin sections were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, and cytokine expression was scored immunohistochemically using the H-score.Results: Wound diameter did not differ significantly between the non-diabetic control and the MSC-treated groups, whereas the diabetic control showed significantly larger wounds. Histologically, both MSC-treated groups showed a thicker, better-organized epidermis and denser dermal collagen than the diabetic control. Compared with the diabetic control, both MSC-treated groups showed significantly lower IL-1 and IL-6 expression and higher IL-10 expression, whereas TNF-α expression did not change significantly. No significant differences were observed between the dental pulp– and adipose tissue–derived MSC groups for any marker except IL-10, which was higher in the adipose tissue–derived MSC group.Conclusion: Topical application of dental pulp– or adipose tissue–derived MSCs supported diabetic wound healing through an anti-inflammatory shift characterized by lower IL-1 and IL-6 and higher IL-10 expression, without significantly affecting TNF-α.

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