The digital transformation of reproductive health: A comprehensive review of Femtech innovations and their clinical applications

The digital transformation of reproductive health has been accelerated by rapid advances in Femtech, which offers new approaches to addressing infertility-related challenges. This review synthesizes the current evidence across three domains: consumer-facing technologies for fertility awareness and at-home diagnostics; the integration of digital health tools, including telehealth and mobile health (mHealth), into clinical management pathways; and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Fertility tracking applications and home-based diagnostic tools may improve accessibility and support patient engagement in reproductive health management; however, evidence regarding their effects on clinically meaningful outcomes, including pregnancy and live birth rates, remains limited or inconsistent. Telehealth and mHealth platforms have been widely adopted and have demonstrated high patient satisfaction and feasibility, with clinical outcomes comparable to those of traditional in-person care in selected settings. In ART, AI-based approaches show promise for gamete and embryo assessment, selection, and outcome prediction, although the current evidence is derived largely from observational and validation studies and does not yet demonstrate consistent improvements in clinical outcomes. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, including variability in evidence quality, data privacy concerns, regulatory uncertainty, and disparities in digital access. Overall, although Femtech technologies have substantial potential to enhance reproductive care, their clinical integration should be guided by rigorous validation and cautious interpretation of the existing evidence.