Thalidomide treatment of a dog with myelofibrosis

ABSTRACT

Myelofibrosis is characterised by the proliferation of fibroblasts. The exact aetiopathogenesis of myelofibrosis in dogs remains unknown. The use of thalidomide is established as a treatment option for humans with myelofibrosis. Herein, we describe the first treatment attempt of canine myelofibrosis with thalidomide. A 7‐year‐old female neutered crossbreed was referred for investigation and treatment of non‐regenerative anaemia. Histopathology of a bone marrow core biopsy revealed extensive myelofibrosis (more than 40% of the examined sections). A diagnosis of myelofibrosis with a presumed immune‐mediated component was based on treatment response with full recovery. Immunosuppressive treatment did not result in a significant haematological response. Treatment with thalidomide was initiated, leading to a clinically significant haematological response within 3 months. After 6 months, normalisation of the red blood cell count was documented. This case suggests a potential role for thalidomide as a viable therapeutic option for canine myelofibrosis.