Tensile Property and Parametric Study of Heuristic Weaving Structures

Heuristic weaving structures (HWSs) have attracted wide attention in engineering fields due to their high energy absorption capacity, reliable load-bearing performance, and highly adjustable deformation characteristics. This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of HWSs under different boundary constraints and sparsity degrees via finite element analysis (FEA). The results indicate that all models maintain stable force transmission and reliable structural integrity throughout the loading process. Boundary constraints and sparsity significantly affect the mechanical properties and energy absorption of HWSs. Under different boundary constraints, the tensile specific energy absorption (TSEA) increases consistently from 8616.84 J/kg to 15,212.20 J/kg, representing a 76.54% improvement. Under varying sparsity degrees, the TSEA rises continuously from 8616.84 J/kg to 15,468.65 J/kg (a 79.52% increase), while the tensile energy absorption (TEA) also exhibits an enhancement from 22.83 J to 67.44 J (a 195.40% increase). For the out-of-plane load-bearing (X-axis) performance of HWSs, weakening boundary constraints promotes stress redistribution and cooperative deformation, thereby enhancing energy absorption and load-bearing efficiency. In summary, the proposed HWSs exhibit substantial bearing and energy absorption performance improvements. This work enriches the design methodology of woven energy-absorbing structures and provides theoretical guidelines for the parametric design and potential future application of HWSs in lightweight and energy-absorbing engineering applications.