Temporal Trends and ICD-11-Mapped Patterns of Otology Research in Saudi Arabia, 1978–2024: A Scoping Review Using Negative Binomial Modelling

Purpose: This study aimed to map publication trends, topical focus, study designs, and institutional concentration in otology research in Saudi Arabia from 1978 to 2024 to deduce any topical, regional, institutional, or funding disparities in the field of otology in the country. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of studies on human ear diseases in Saudi Arabia, searching PubMed and the Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2024. Bibliometric characteristics were charted, topics were mapped to ICD-11 chapters, and temporal trends were modelled using negative binomial regression with a single data-driven breakpoint. Results: Of 2227 records identified, 510 studies were included. Annual output increased by 9.28% (95% CI 7.05–11.55). An inflection occurred around 2017, with slower growth before 2017 (7.2%/year, 95% CI 5.3–9.1) and faster growth from 2018 onward (23.9%/year, 95% CI 18.6–29.4). The institutional affiliation of first authors was concentrated in a small number of organizations, led by King Saud University. Observational studies predominated (441/510), whereas experimental studies were limited (16/510). ICD-11 mapping showed the greatest concentration in “Ear and mastoid” (189/510, 37.1%) and “Factors influencing health status or contact with health services” (179/510, 35.1%) chapters. Funding was reported in 75 studies. Conclusions: PubMed- and Cochrane-indexed otology and hearing health research output in Saudi Arabia has grown substantially, particularly since 2017, but remains concentrated by institution, region, study design, and topic. The dominance of cochlear implant and hearing impairment research, together with limited multicenter, experimental, vestibular, tinnitus, and rehabilitation-focused studies, identifies priorities for future audiology and neurotology research planning.