Technology, Green Finance, and Monetary Policy Transmission: A New Framework for Sustainable Economic Transformation

Conventional monetary policy transmission frameworks pay limited attention to the growing roles of technological innovation and green finance in shamng financial intermediation and sustainable economic development. This paper addresses this gap by developing the Technology-Driven Green Finance Transmission (TGFT) Framework, a conceptual framework that explains how technology strengthens monetary policy transmission through green financial markets to support sustainable economic transformation. Drawing on monetary economics, institutional economics, information economics, and sustainable finance, the paper integrates these perspectives into a unified analytical framework and applies it to the Nigerian context to illustrate the interactions among digital financial infrastructure, green finance, and monetary policy. The analysis shows that technology improves information efficiency, broadens financial inclusion, enhances capital allocation, and reinforces the responsiveness Of financial institutions to monetary policy, while Institutional and market constraints may weaken these transmission channels. The paper contributes to the literature by extending conventional monetary transmission analysis to incorporate technology and green finance as complementary transmission mechanisms. It concludes that strengthening digital financial infrastructure, institutional coordination, and green financial market development is essential for improving monetary policy effectiveness and advancing sustainable economic transformation in emerging economies