Technical and tactical training of highly qualified biathletes in competitive distance performance: current state of the problem and research prospects

The purpose of the study is to systematize current scientific data on the technique and tactics of competitive distance performance by highly qualified biathletes and to identify promising directions for further research. Research methods: content analysis of scientific literature in the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases; systematization of performance factors, tactical patterns, and methods for evaluating technique; comparative analysis of approaches in Russia and abroad were used. Research results and conclusions. Discipline‑specific performance factors were identified (skiing speed – 55–60% in sprint races, shooting accuracy – up to 40% in the individual race); biomechanical differences in the technique of biathletes compared to cross‑country skiers were revealed; four main tactical patterns were characterized; it was shown that the greatest time reserves (2.9–4.1 s) are concentrated on short sections of the course (descents with a 180° turn). The problem remains insufficiently studied. Promising research directions include micro‑tactical analysis, individualization of tactical models, and integration of technique and tactics using digital technologies.