Targeted Phenolic Profile, Biological Activities, Cytotoxicity, and Mineral Content of Gagea granatellii (Liliaceae)

Gagea granatellii was evaluated for its targeted phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, urease‐inhibitory potential, cytotoxicity, and mineral content. Liquid chromatography–heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–HESI–MS/MS) analysis of 29 targeted phenolic compounds revealed kaempferol as the dominant compound in the flower ethanol extract (211.948 µg/g dry weight). In bulb extracts, ellagic acid was highest in the methanol extract (6.925 µg/g), whereas syringic aldehyde (5.564 µg/g) and ferulic acid (2.619 µg/g) were prominent in the water extract. Among the biological assays, the flower water extract showed the strongest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ₅₀ ) of 0.003 mg/mL, whereas the flower methanol extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes , with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.097 mg/mL. The bulb ethanol extract showed the strongest urease inhibition (IC ₅₀ : 6.01 mg/mL). Mineral analysis revealed high potassium and calcium contents, particularly in flowers, while cytotoxicity assays indicated biocompatibility up to 500 µg/mL. The findings of the present study indicate that G. granatellii is a promising source of phenolic constituents with antioxidant, antimicrobial, urease‐inhibitory, and biocompatible properties.